Biology- Reproductive Systems

Ovaries
-description - left& right abdomen.
-function- Produce eggs/ova and hormones e.g. estrogen and progesterone.
Oviduct/fallopian tubes
-function- during ovulation, an ovary releases an egg into the fallopian tubes next to it.
Uterus
-function- expands many times during pregnancy to hold growing fetus.
-description- pear-shaped organ with a muscular wall and lining.
cervix
-description-lower portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina
-function-during labour, the cervix expands to about 10 cm in diameter
Vagina
-descrption-it is a tube-like organ that leads to the outside of the body
-function- the birth of the baby fllows it's path.



Scortum
Testis
sperm duct/ vas deferens
Urethra
penis
epididymi
seminal vesicle
prostate gland

Biology- Menstrual cycle

In which days does MENSTRUATION occur?
1st - 6th

How long does the menstruation LAST?
6 days

When is the egg RELEASED?
on the 14th day.

Biology-CHANGES IN PUBERTY

The start of periods is known as Menarche.
Oaries contain thousands of eggs/ova
PITUITARY gland relseases HORMONES that stimulates OVARIES to produce OTHER HORMONES called ESTROGEN and PROGESTORONE.
The EFFECTS of HORMONES are physical maturation, growth and emotions.

Chapter 9 : Generating Ideas

i)shape borrowing
ii)SCAMPER.

S-Subsitute
C-Combine
A-Adapt
M-Minify/ Macnify
P-Put to other uses
E-Eliminate
R-Reverse/ Re-arrange

Biology : Sexully Tansmitted Infections

DnT Chapter 5 :mechanism

WHAT IS A MECHANISM?
A MECHANISM IS CONSIDERED AS A "SYSTEM" WHICH CONVERTS A GIVEN "INPUT" into an "OUTPUT".

INPUT

process

output

FUNCTIONS OF MECHANISM

1. Type of movement
2. Place of movement
3. Speed of movement
4. Direcion of movement
5. Distance of movement
6. Amount of force movement provides

A basic types of movement

1. linear motion- Motion in a st. line e.g. motion of a train
2. Rotary motion- Circular motion e.g. a bicycle wheel
3. Reciprocating motion- Repeatinf forwards & backwards motion e.g piston in a car engine
4. Oscillating motion- repeating forward & backwards in a circular motion e.g. the motion of a clock pendulum

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS

LINKAGES

-They are connected to LEVERS and PIVOTED BARS used to transmit FORCE & MOVEMENT
-Only Linear and oscillating motions can be transmitted
-Linkages are IMPORTANT as they allow forces to be transmitted where they are needed. Thus, they can change the DIRECTION , SIZE OF THE FORCE or MAKE THINGS at the SAME time

Geography! sec 2-chpt 6

WHY IS THERE A LIMITED SUPPLY OF LAND?
-Not all land are readily avaliable for use-on 30% of the earth's surface is made out of land.
-land maybe reserved for certain uses

WHY IS THERE A RISING DEMAND FOR LAND?
-population growth
-increasing demand for housing
-growth of industries
-developement of transport systems
-increasing dmeand for more arable land

RESPONSES TO THE RISING DEMAND OF LAND.
-increasing the price of land.
-increasing the supply of land.
**land clearance
**reclaimation

Geography! Sec 2 - chpt 2

CONSEQUENCES
-higher demand for resources
-higher demand for housing
-higher demand for education
-higher demand for jobs
-environmental problems

ACTIONS
-education on family planning
**India~family planning agencies sent to rural areas to educate and give them advice on family planning
-incentives and penalties
**'the one child policy'~ incentives were given to coupls who pledged to have only one child and couples with more than one child would have to pay fines.



CONSEQUENCES
-ageing population
-higher taxes
-small talent pool

ACTIONS
-ecouraging marriages and childbirth
**younger women who have children would have more tax rebates
**child care centres
-meeting the needs of the elderly
-extend working life
-ecourage financial planning

DEFINATIONS & FORMULAS!
Ageing population.......-GROWING percentage of ELDERLY people
Birth Rate .............-no. of live BIRTHS per 1000 people per YEAR
Death Rate..............-no. of DEATHS per 1000 people per year
Rate of natural increase= death rate - birth rate
population density......-no. of people LIVING in a unit AREA of land
life expectancy.........- average no. of YEARS a person is EXPECTED to LIVE in a
. ........................CERTAIN area